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The Vedas
The foundational scriptures of Sanātana Dharma — humanity's oldest and most comprehensive body of spiritual and secular knowledge, transmitted orally for millennia.
Rig Veda
10,552 verses · 10 Mandalas
The oldest of the Vedas, containing 1,028 hymns (suktas) praising the divine forces of nature.
Yajur Veda
Ritual formulas · Prose & Verse
The Veda of rituals and liturgy, providing detailed instructions for performing yajnas (sacred fire ceremonies).
Sama Veda
1,875 verses · Musical notation
The Veda of melodies, consisting of hymns set to musical notations. It is the origin of Indian classical music.
Atharva Veda
5,977 mantras · 20 Kandas
The Veda of everyday life, containing hymns on healing, medicine, domestic rites, and practical philosophy.
Structure of Each Veda
Samhita
Collection of mantras and hymns — the core textual layer
Brahmana
Prose commentaries explaining the rituals and ceremonies
Aranyaka
Forest treatises — philosophical reflections for contemplation
Upanishad
Mystical dialogues exploring the nature of reality and self